Description
Tooth discoloration is caused by stains on the outer layer of the tooth (extrinsic), changes inside the tooth (intrinsic), or age-related changes (combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors). Coffee, wine, other drinks or foods, and smoking cause extrinsic stains. Intrinsic stains are caused by trauma, too much fluoride during early childhood, or use of tetracycline antibiotics during pregnancy or early childhood. Age-related tooth yellowing has two causes. The outer enamel layer gets thinner, allowing the yellower dentin layer to show through. Extrinsic stains also build up with age.
Symptoms
Stains on the enamel of the teeth. Stains can include white streaks, a yellow tint, brown spots and pits.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. No special tests are needed. A dentist can diagnose tooth discoloration by looking at the teeth.
Specialists:
Dentistry, Dentistry - Pediatric
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. No special tests are needed. A dentist can diagnose tooth discoloration by looking at the teeth.
Specialists:
Dentistry, Dentistry - Pediatric
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of tooth discoloration. Some stains caused by food or drink (extrinsic) can be removed by professional cleanings and proper home care. Others can be removed by bleaching, either in the dentist's office or at home. A dentist can lighten some intrinsic stains by applying bleach inside the tooth. Other intrinsic stains are permanent. Discolored or badly damaged areas can be covered by a color-matched bonding material or thin ceramic shells called veneers. Brushing teeth after every meal, rinsing after drinking wine or coffee, and having regular cleanings can help prevent tooth discoloration.