Description
An inflammation of the brain usually from a viral infection. Viral encephalitis may be caused by herpes, west Nile virus, measles, chickenpox, rubella, and equine viruses. Rarely encephalitis can result from cancer, bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, from medications or a reaction to a vaccination.
Symptoms
Headache, confusion, fever, vomiting, seizures, weakness, difficulty walking.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. After a brain CT scan or brain MRI a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) will be performed to analyze the fluid for inflammation or infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is tested for viral antigens, viral antibodies and/or culture.
Other Specific Tests: Lumbar puncture
Specialists:
Neurology, Pediatric Neurology
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. After a brain CT scan or brain MRI a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) will be performed to analyze the fluid for inflammation or infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is tested for viral antigens, viral antibodies and/or culture.
Other Specific Tests: Lumbar puncture
Specialists:
Neurology, Pediatric Neurology
Treatment
Supportive care is given. If herpes is suspected acyclovir (an antiviral medication) is administered. Early in the disease antibiotics may be given until a bacterial infection is ruled out.