Description
Facial trauma can be penetrating (gunshot wound or stabbing) or blunt (motor vehicle accident or fall). The injury can result in fractures, nerve injury, eye injury, nasal injury or lacerations with bleeding. Fractures of the jaw cause decreased motion, and orbit fractures can result in impaired vision.
Symptoms
Swelling, pain, impaired vision, decreased motion of the jaw, unmatched teeth upon biting down (malocclusion), bleeding, bruising.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays or facial CT scan can define fractures. A CT scan is more sensitive than X-rays in identifying some injuries, especially fractures.
Tests:
CT Scan, X-ray
Specialists:
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays or facial CT scan can define fractures. A CT scan is more sensitive than X-rays in identifying some injuries, especially fractures.
Tests:
CT Scan, X-ray
Specialists:
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Treatment
The treatment depends on the injury and no treatment may be necessary. Other options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn), pain medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), and/or surgery. Lacerations may require sutures (stitches). A tetanus shot may be needed if the last booster was more than 5 years ago.