Description
Bruises that develop when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, most often from blunt injury or a crush injury. Blood leaks into tissues under the skin and causes the black-and-blue color.
Symptoms
Pain, swelling, bluish discoloration, tenderness. Over time, the skin may turn from red, blue or purple to green, yellow, or brown.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays are used to rule out underlying fractures. When appropriate compartment pressures are measured to rule out compartment syndrome. Additional testing of the blood may be recommended if bruising is excessive or occurs without trauma.
Tests:
X-ray
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays are used to rule out underlying fractures. When appropriate compartment pressures are measured to rule out compartment syndrome. Additional testing of the blood may be recommended if bruising is excessive or occurs without trauma.
Tests:
X-ray
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Treatment
Treatment includes: ruling out other injuries, elevating and icing to reduce swelling, and immobilization with a splint to speed healing. For minor bruising, no treatment may be necessary.