Description
The disorder causes problems with reading and interpreting spoken language. Also called specific reading disability, or developmental reading disorder. It affects about 5% of children, and these children typically have average to above average intelligence. There is a problem processing images into language, and is thought to originate from a part of the brain that serves this function. The disorder tends to run in families.
Symptoms
Inability to recognize written words, falling behind in school despite normal intelligence, problems interpreting spoken language, reversal of letters ("b" for "d"), difficulty sequencing tasks, and difficulty pronouncing words.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. A thorough evaluation testing hearing, vision and neurologic function should be done first. Additional tests including psychological and educational testing may be done to rule out other causes of the disorder before dyslexia is diagnosed.
Other Specific Tests: Psycho educational testing, psychological assessment
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Workup:
A history and physical exam will be performed. A thorough evaluation testing hearing, vision and neurologic function should be done first. Additional tests including psychological and educational testing may be done to rule out other causes of the disorder before dyslexia is diagnosed.
Other Specific Tests: Psycho educational testing, psychological assessment
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Treatment
The underlying brain malfunction cannot be fixed but the effects can be lessened through special education techniques. Treatment includes the following: special multisensory education, individualized tutoring, special day classes, customized education plans, and possibly psychological counseling. Low self-esteem can be common so it is important to support the child through treatment.