Description
Dry eye syndrome occurs when there is a decrease in the amount of tears produced. Tears moisten, protect and clean the eye. Tear production diminishes with age and is, therefore, more common in the elderly. The syndrome is more common in women than men. Certain medications can cause dry eyes (antidepressants, antihistamines, decongestants). Also, certain diseases are associated with dry eyes, such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, Bell's palsy and myasthenia gravis.
Symptoms
Symptoms may include itching and burning, light sensitivity and a feeling of grit or sand in the eyes.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. A specific ophthalmologic exam and visual testing will be performed. Tear quality and production may be analyzed with specific tests performed by an ophthalmologist.
Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. A specific ophthalmologic exam and visual testing will be performed. Tear quality and production may be analyzed with specific tests performed by an ophthalmologist.
Treatment
Treatment is usually directed at replacing moisture by using a supplement such as natural tears. More severe cases may require an ointment to be placed into the eye (this is usually done at night due to the resulting blurring of vision that occurs). If this is not successful, certain prescription medications (topical cyclosporine or diquafosol) can be used to increase tear production.