Description
Dental caries is the scientific term for tooth decay or cavities. It is caused by specific types of bacteria. They turn the sugar and starches from food into acids. The acids dissolve minerals in the tooth's hard outer layer, the enamel. As the enamel and the dentin layer under it break down, a hole (cavity) can form. Tooth decay can be painful if it reaches the tooth's inner layer, the pulp, which contains nerve fibers. Tooth decay is an infection. If it is not treated, the nerve will die and infect the bone under the tooth.
Symptoms
Early caries may not have any symptoms. With continued decay, tooth pain, jaw pain, facial pain, tooth sensitivity, and gum swelling may occur.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A dentist will look for caries at each office visit. X-rays will be taken on a regular basis and if tooth decay is suspected.
Tests:
X-ray
Other Specific Tests: Biting test, hot and cold tests
Specialists:
Dentistry, Dentistry - Pediatric
Workup:
A dentist will look for caries at each office visit. X-rays will be taken on a regular basis and if tooth decay is suspected.
Tests:
X-ray
Other Specific Tests: Biting test, hot and cold tests
Specialists:
Dentistry, Dentistry - Pediatric
Treatment
Early caries can be stopped or reversed with fluoride treatments and other prevention methods. Once a break occurs in the tooth enamel, it needs to be repaired by a dentist. Repair includes removing the decay with a dental drill or laser. Then the tooth is filled with amalgam, composite resin or other materials. Large cavities may require a crown, inlay or onlay to cover the tooth. Untreated caries can destroy a tooth. Brushing, flossing and eating fewer snacks can help prevent caries. Preventive treatments include antibacterial rinses, fluoride products and dental sealants.