Newborn jaundice (newborn skin discoloration)

Description

An elevated bilirubin in the blood commonly seen in newborns born before the 38th week of pregnancy. The liver of immature babies generally cannot break down the bilirubin causing the elevated levels. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of red blood cells. Most babies do not need treatment. If the level is very high brain damage can occur.

Symptoms

Yellow skin, yellow discoloration of the white part of the eyes (sclera).

Tests

Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment

Workup:
A history and physical exam will be done. Blood tests to measure the bilirubin level and a complete blood count (CBC) are generally done. Other tests to detect an abnormal destruction of blood cells may be performed. A skin test using a special light (transcutaneous bilirubinometer) can also be used to measure the bilirubin level.

Tests:
Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), Comb's Test, reticulocyte count

Specialists:
Pediatrics, Family Practice, Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology

Treatment

Most babies do not need specific treatment but their bilirubin levels will be measured to ensure they are decreasing. The most common treatment is phototherapy with the use of special lights to help the baby remove the bilirubin through the urine. If there is a blood type difference between mother and baby and the bilirubin level is high intravenous immunoglobulin may be necessary. Severe cases that do respond to other treatments may require an exchange blood transfusion.