Description
A viral exanthem is a generalized red rash caused by a viral infection. They are most common in children, especially those that have not been vaccinated against measles, rubella and chicken pox. Many infections result in viral exanthems such as adenovirus infections, mononucleosis, measles, German measles, fifths disease and chicken pox. Viral exanthems usually resolve within two weeks without specific treatment.
Symptoms
The rash related to chicken pox can be itchy. But most other viral exanthems just cause spots on the skin. Symptoms are related to the viral infection, and usually limited to fever and sore throat. Younger children may refuse to eat or drink. As a result, they may become dehydrated.
Tests
Common tests used for diagnosis and treatment
Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. The diagnosis can usually be made based on the symptoms and physical exam findings.
Tests:
Complete blood count (CBC), Mono spot, Rapid strep Test
Other Specific Tests: Cold agglutinins, rubella antibody titer, chicken pox antibody titer, measles antibody titer and blood cultures
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Workup:
A history and physical will be performed. The diagnosis can usually be made based on the symptoms and physical exam findings.
Tests:
Complete blood count (CBC), Mono spot, Rapid strep Test
Other Specific Tests: Cold agglutinins, rubella antibody titer, chicken pox antibody titer, measles antibody titer and blood cultures
Specialists:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice
Treatment
The treatment for a viral exanthem is supportive. Patients are advised to rest and drink fluids. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used for pain and fever. Aspirin should be avoided unless specifically prescribed by a doctor. Antihistamines may be used to treat the itching that can be associated with the rash.